University of Maine Researchers Develop Innovative Compostable Food Packaging

Researchers at the University of Maine have unveiled a new compostable packaging material made from mycelium and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), aimed at replacing conventional plastic packaging. This innovative material is designed to be water- and oil-resistant, ensuring it meets the requirements for food packaging while being biodegradable after use.

The development comes in response to increasing concerns over the health and environmental risks associated with plastic packaging. A recent study highlighted that over a quarter of the 16,000 chemicals used in plastic production may pose health risks. Led by Caitlin Howell and PhD student Sandro Zier, the research team sought sustainable alternatives using renewable raw materials.

The new packaging combines wood-derived cellulose nanofibrils with a mycelium coating from the fungus Trametes versicolor, known for its natural water resistance. The CNF enhances the material’s oil resistance and biodegradability, resulting in a packaging solution that is both effective and environmentally friendly.

Caitlin Howell, an Associate Professor of Bioengineering, emphasized the importance of recognizing the long-term effects of materials we use, drawing parallels with historical concerns over harmful substances in everyday products. “The good thing about mushrooms is that we’re already eating them – so we know they’re safe for us in the long term,” she stated.

The mycelium is cultivated and mixed with nutrients and CNF to create a fine layer approximately 20 to 25 micrometers thick, suitable for coating paper or producing standalone films. Notably, the researchers have accelerated the production process from weeks to just three days, with plans for a roll-to-roll method that could scale production significantly.

This advancement aligns with global initiatives to mitigate plastic pollution, as the United Nations estimates that between 19 and 23 million tonnes of plastic enter waterways annually. The researchers believe that increased production volumes could further decrease material costs, making compostable packaging a viable alternative in the market.